Wikipedia

Ismail al-Faruqi

Ismail al-Faruqi
pesin
Man abi wumanman Chenj-am
Kontri wey e kom fromAmerika, Mandatory Palestine Chenj-am
Nem for lokal langwejإسماعيل راجي الفاروقي Chenj-am
Fest nemIsmail Chenj-am
Transliteration or transcriptionIsmāʿīl Rājī al-Fārūqī Chenj-am
IPA transcription[ʔisˈmæːʕiːl ˈɾaːdʒiː ɪl.fɑːˈɾuːqiː] Chenj-am
Wen dem bon am1 January 1921 Chenj-am
Ples wey dem bon amJaffa, Mandatory Palestine Chenj-am
Wen e kpai27 May 1986 Chenj-am
Place of deathWyncote Chenj-am
Manner of deathhomicide Chenj-am
Cause of deathstabbing Chenj-am
Place of burialForest Hills Memorial Park Chenj-am
Pesin wey e mariLois Lamya al-Faruqi Chenj-am
Significant personImmanuel Kant, Max Scheler, Nicolai Hartmann, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Chenj-am
Langwej wey e fit tok, rait abi yuz hand tokArabic, English langwej, French, German Chenj-am
Wok wey e dey duphilosopher, university teacher Chenj-am
Wu e dey wok forTemple University, McGill University, Syracuse University, Institute of Islamic Research, University of Chicago Chenj-am
Wie e go skulHarvard University, Al-Azhar University, Indiana University Bloomington, American University of Beirut Chenj-am
Academic degreedoctorate, master's degree Chenj-am
RilijonIslam Chenj-am

Isma'il Raji al Faruqi (إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي |Ismāʿīl Rājī al-Fārūqī; January 1, 1921 – May 27, 1986) na one Palestinian-American Muslim philosopher and scholar wey sabi well well for Islamic studies and interfaith waka (di kind discussion wey different religion people dey do). E don spend plenty time for Al-Azhar University wey dey for Cairo, come later teach for different university for North America, like McGill University for Montreal, Canada. Al-Faruqi na one big professor of religion for Temple University where e start and lead di Islamic Studies program. E still help start di International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). Al-Faruqi don write more than 100 articles and 25 books, like Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas (1967) and Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life (1982), where e use take talk about Islamic thought, ethics, di concept of one God, and how different religions fit understand each other.

Biography

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Early life and education

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Al-Faruqi na Jaffa, for British-mandate Palestine dem born am.[1][2] E papa, 'Abd al-Huda al-Faruqi, na Islamic judge (qadi). Al-Faruqi start e early Islamic education for house and for mosque wey dey nearby. Na e papa influence well well for how e take sabi Islam and for e early moral training.[3]

For 1936, e begin go French Dominican Collège des Frères de Jaffa.[1][4] Later, al-Faruqi move go Beirut, Lebanon to continue e school for American University of Beirut (AUB). For AUB, al-Faruqi meet Arab nationalist movements plus Christian Arab nationalists like Constantin Zureiq, Nabih Amin Faris, and Nicola Ziadeh, wey make am begin like Arabism well well.[3] For AUB, dem make Christian missionary lectures and courses wey dey promote Western modern ideas compulsory, and all this ones sef follow help al-Faruqi develop e own beliefs.[3]

In 1942, dem appoint am as registrar for cooperative societies under di British Mandate government for Jerusalem. For 1945, e become district governor for Galilee.[2] After di 1948 Arab-Israeli War, e enter Indiana University to get im M.A. for philosophy with di thesis wey e title The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) for 1949.[5] E continue with another M.A. for philosophy from Harvard University for 1951 and complete im Ph.D. with thesis wey title On Justifying the Good from Indiana University for 1952.[6] Na during dis time e meet and marry Lois Lamya al-Faruqi.

For e master's thesis, al-Faruqi examine di ethics of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche. E early philosophical work na wetin e take lay foundation for di later critiques wey e go do for Western ethical systems and di development of Islamic ethical thought.[7] For e doctoral thesis, al-Faruqi talk say values na absolute, dem dey self-existent and person fit sabi dem a priori through emotional intuition. E base e theories on Max Scheler own use of phenomenology and Nicolai Hartmann work for ethics.[8][9] Na e studies make am realize say without transcendent foundation, e go lead to moral relativism, wey make am begin look back to e Islamic heritage.

Within six years of when e reach United States, al-Faruqi don recognize say e need to study Islam well well, na wetin make am go Egypt's Al-Azhar University from 1954 to 1958.[10] By di time wey e comot from United States, al-Faruqi don develop new questions about moral obligations and e dey look how e fit join e intellectual pursuits with e Islamic identity.[11]

Academic career

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For 1958, dem offer al-Faruqi visiting fellowship for McGill University Faculty of Divinity. E join di Institute of Islamic Studies through di invitation of di founder, Wilfred Cantwell Smith, and e dey teach with Smith from 1958 to 1961.[12] During dis time, e study Christian theology and Judaism, wey make am sabi Pakistani philosopher Fazlur Rahman. Fazlur Rahman observe say al-Faruqi immersion inside dem tradition under Smith mentorship help refine e comparative outlook for religious studies and interfaith dialogue.[13][14]

For 1961, Fazlur Rahman help arrange two-year appointment for al-Faruqi for di Central Institute of Islamic Research wey dey for Karachi, Pakistan, where e serve as visiting professor till 1963.[1] Fazlur Rahman later talk say dis experience help al-Faruqi understand cultural diversity within Islam well well, wey later influence e theories on comparative religion and meta-religion.[13][15][16]

For 1964, al-Faruqi return to United States, where e hold two roles at di same time as visiting professor for University of Chicago Divinity School and as associate professor for Syracuse University.

For 1968, al-Faruqi join Temple University as professor of religion, where e start di Islamic Studies Program and hold di position until e die for 1986.[17] During e time for Temple University, al-Faruqi mentor plenty students, including e first doctoral student, John Esposito.[18][19]

Death and burial

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Shared grave marker of the Faruqis.

For May 1986, Ismail al-Faruqi and e wife, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, dem kill dem for their house for Wyncote, Pennsylvania, by Joseph Louis Young, wey people also sabi as Yusuf Ali.[2] Young, wey get past connection with di local Muslim community, confess say na e commit di crime, dem sentence am to death, and e later die for prison of natural causes for 1996.[20][21][22] Their daughter, Anmar el-Zein, wey get belle at dat time, survive multiple stab wounds and dem give her intensive medical treatment.[23]

Almost 4,000 people, including big international dignitaries, gather for Masjid Muhammad mosque for West Philadelphia to honor al-Faruqi and him wife. Di service get people wey talk good about al-Faruqi, remember am as big person and important member for di community.[24] After di prayer service, dem bury di Faruqis together for Forest Hills Cemetery for Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania.[24]

Di murders of di Faruqis cause plenty talk about wetin fit be di reason for di attack, with theories wey range from politically motivated assassination to burglary wey no go as planned.[11][25][26][27]

For one conference wey dem do for International Islamic University Malaysia for 2008, Anis Ahmad talk say al-Faruqi don tell am before say e papa get two prayers: make e become big scholar and make e die as shahid (martyr). Dem talk say al-Faruqi come dey ask, "I don turn scholar now, but how I go take die as shahid for US?" Malik Badri talk say "Allah Ta'ala answer di two prayers."[3]

Wie dem gada di tori

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (2021). Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi (in Ínglish). Kuala Lumpur: IBT Books. p. 3.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Faruqi, Ismail Raji al- (1986)". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (in Ínglish). Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Badri, Malik (2014). "Psychological reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi's life and contributions". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. 31 (2): 145–152. doi:10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1052.
  4. ↑ Esposito, John L.; Voll, John O. (2001). "Ismail al-Faruqi". Makers of Contemporary Islam (in Ínglish). Oxford University Press. pp. 52–70.
  5. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji. The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics). Master’s thesis, Indiana University, 1949.
  6. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji. On Justifying the Good. PhD thesis, Indiana University, 1952.
  7. ↑ Zebiri, Kate (1997). Muslims and Christians Face to Face (in Ínglish). Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 35–37. ISBN 1851681337.
  8. ↑ Scheler, Max (1960). On the Eternal Man. Translated by Bernard Noble. London: SCM Press.
  9. ↑ Scheler, Max (1961). Man's Place in Nature. Boston: Beacon Press.
  10. ↑ Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (2021). Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi. Kuala Lumpur: IBT Books. p. 4.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Fletcher, Charles (2014). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi. United Kingdom: I.B.Tauris. p. 34.
  12. ↑ Balfour, Clair (July 31, 1986). "Islamic scholar slain in U.S. was figure in Montreal". The Gazette. Montreal.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Rahman, Fazlur (1990). Translated by M. Hayri Kırbaşoğlu. "Palestine and My Experiences with the Young Faruqi: 1958 to 1963". Journal of Islamic Research (in Tọ́ki). 4 (4): 295–300.
  14. ↑ Zebiri, Kate (1997). Muslims and Christians Face to Face. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 42–44. ISBN 1851681337.
  15. ↑ Zebiri, Kate (1997). Muslims and Christians Face to Face. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 90. ISBN 1851681337.
  16. ↑ Siddiqui, Ataullah (1997). Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London: Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 73. ISBN 0333673581.
  17. ↑ Yusuf, Imtiyaz (Spring–Summer 2014). "Ismail al-Faruqi's Contribution to the Academic Study of Religion". Islamic Studies. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad. 53 (1/2): 108–110. JSTOR 44627369.
  18. ↑ Quraishi, M. Tariq (1986). Ismail al-Faruqi: An Enduring Legacy. MSA Publications. p. 9.
  19. ↑ "Editorial". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. 28 (3): ii–xii. 2011.
  20. ↑ "Black Muslim Charged in Slaying of Islamic Scholar and His Wife". The New York Times. January 18, 1987.
  21. ↑ O'Bryan, Ruth (July 8, 1987). "Confession Details Stalking, Slaying Of Islamic Scholars". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  22. ↑ Bell, Adam (March 11, 1996). "Inside the Capitol (Joseph Louis Young dies of natural causes on death row)". The Patriot News.
  23. ↑ Paolantonio, S. A.; Duggan, Paul (1987-01-18). "Statement Is Said to Back Religious-Attack Theory". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A.8. Templet:ProQuest.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Eshleman Jr., Russell E. (May 31, 1986). "4,000 Mourners Pray For The Soul Of Slain Islamic Scholar And Wife". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  25. ↑ Toth, Anthony B. (November 1986). "Focus on Arabs and Islam". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs.
  26. ↑ "Assassination motive behind al-Faruqi killings". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. August 20, 1986. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Zionist backlash against Arab intellectuals". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. August 21, 1986. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
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